Common Issues with Peugeot 406: A Comprehensive Guide

By Brian Wong, Reviewed by: Kurt Niebuhr, Updated on April 18, 2024

1. Common Issues with Peugeot 406 (1995-2004)

1.1. Engine Problems

1.1.1. XUD Engine: Diesel Fuel Leaks

One of the common issues experienced by Peugeot 406 owners with XUD engines is diesel fuel leaks. This issue can arise due to a variety of reasons such as damaged fuel lines, faulty injectors, or worn out seals. If left unaddressed, this issue can lead to a loss of fuel pressure, which can cause engine misfires and a significant decrease in performance.

A diesel fuel leak in a Peugeot 406 with an XUD engine can be identified by the smell of diesel fuel coming from the engine bay, or visible fuel stains on the ground underneath the car. If you suspect a fuel leak, it is essential to take your car to a qualified mechanic as soon as possible. Ignoring this issue can cause permanent damage to your engine and could be a safety hazard.

To diagnose the root cause of a diesel fuel leak, a mechanic will typically perform a fuel system inspection, which involves checking the fuel lines, injectors, and seals for any signs of damage or wear. Depending on the severity of the issue, the mechanic may recommend replacing the damaged parts or replacing the entire fuel system.

Preventative maintenance is essential to avoid diesel fuel leaks in Peugeot 406s with XUD engines. Regularly checking your fuel lines and injectors for wear and damage, and replacing them as necessary, can prevent leaks from occurring. Additionally, following the manufacturer's recommended maintenance schedule and using high-quality fuel and oil can help keep your engine running smoothly and prevent fuel leaks.

1.1.2. EW10 Engine: Misfiring and Hesitation

The Peugeot 406 equipped with the EW10 engine can experience misfiring and hesitation issues. These problems can manifest in various ways, including rough idling, stalling, and loss of power while accelerating. If left unaddressed, this issue can cause further damage to the engine, including damage to the catalytic converter.

One of the common causes of misfiring and hesitation in Peugeot 406s with the EW10 engine is a faulty ignition coil. The ignition coil is responsible for supplying the spark that ignites the fuel in the combustion chamber. When the ignition coil is faulty, it can cause inconsistent spark supply, leading to misfires and hesitation.

Another cause of misfiring and hesitation in the Peugeot 406 with the EW10 engine is a clogged fuel filter. A clogged fuel filter can restrict the fuel flow, leading to reduced power and hesitation during acceleration. This issue can also cause the engine to run lean, which can lead to damage to the catalytic converter and other engine components.

To diagnose the cause of misfiring and hesitation in a Peugeot 406 with the EW10 engine, a qualified mechanic will typically perform a comprehensive engine inspection. The inspection may involve testing the ignition coils, spark plugs, and fuel pressure. Depending on the severity of the issue, the mechanic may recommend replacing the faulty components or performing a complete engine overhaul.

Preventative maintenance is essential to avoid misfiring and hesitation issues in Peugeot 406s with the EW10 engine. Regularly replacing the spark plugs and fuel filter at the manufacturer's recommended intervals can help prevent these issues from occurring. Additionally, using high-quality fuel and oil can help keep your engine running smoothly and prevent misfires.

1.1.3. ES9 Engine: Oil Leaks and Overheating

The Peugeot 406 equipped with the ES9 engine can experience oil leaks and overheating issues. These problems can cause significant damage to the engine and can lead to costly repairs if left unaddressed.

One of the common causes of oil leaks in Peugeot 406s with the ES9 engine is a faulty valve cover gasket. The valve cover gasket is responsible for sealing the valve cover to the cylinder head, preventing oil from leaking out. When the gasket is damaged or worn, it can cause oil to leak onto the engine's exterior and the ground beneath it. This issue can be identified by inspecting the engine for oil stains or puddles.

Another cause of oil leaks and overheating in the Peugeot 406 with the ES9 engine is a faulty oil cooler. The oil cooler is responsible for regulating the engine's oil temperature, preventing it from overheating. When the oil cooler is faulty, it can cause the engine to overheat, leading to potential engine damage. This issue can be identified by inspecting the engine's oil cooler for damage or leaks.

To diagnose the cause of oil leaks and overheating in a Peugeot 406 with the ES9 engine, a qualified mechanic will typically perform a comprehensive engine inspection. The inspection may involve testing the valve cover gasket, oil cooler, and other engine components. Depending on the severity of the issue, the mechanic may recommend replacing the faulty components or performing a complete engine overhaul.

Preventative maintenance is crucial to avoid oil leaks and overheating issues in Peugeot 406s with the ES9 engine. Regularly checking the oil level and quality and maintaining the engine's cooling system can help prevent these issues from occurring. Additionally, using high-quality oil and coolant can help keep your engine running smoothly and prevent overheating.

1.2. Electrical Issues

1.2.1. Ignition Coils and Spark Plugs

Peugeot 406s manufactured between 1995 and 2004 may experience ignition coil and spark plug issues. The ignition system is responsible for providing the spark needed to ignite the fuel in the engine and power the vehicle. When the ignition system fails, it can lead to misfires, poor fuel economy, and other problems.

One of the most common issues with the Peugeot 406's ignition system is a faulty ignition coil. The ignition coil is responsible for converting the battery's low voltage to high voltage, which is then sent to the spark plugs to ignite the fuel. When the ignition coil fails, it can cause the engine to misfire, run poorly, and even stall. This issue can be identified by the check engine light turning on, engine misfires, or poor acceleration.

Another issue that Peugeot 406 owners may experience is faulty spark plugs. Spark plugs play a critical role in the ignition system by providing the spark needed to ignite the fuel. When the spark plugs are dirty, damaged, or worn out, they can cause misfires and other issues with the engine's performance. This issue can be identified by a decrease in fuel economy, poor acceleration, and rough engine idle.

To diagnose ignition coil and spark plug issues, a qualified mechanic will typically perform an engine diagnostic test. The test involves checking the ignition system's components, including the ignition coil, spark plugs, and wiring. If any of the components are found to be faulty, the mechanic may recommend replacing them to restore the engine's performance.

Regular maintenance is crucial to avoid ignition system issues in Peugeot 406s. Replacing the spark plugs and ignition coils according to the manufacturer's recommendations can help prevent these issues from occurring. Additionally, using high-quality spark plugs and ignition coils can help ensure reliable performance and prevent premature failure.

1.2.2. Alternator Failure

The alternator is a critical component of the Peugeot 406's electrical system, responsible for recharging the battery and powering the vehicle's electrical systems. If the alternator fails, it can cause a variety of electrical issues that can affect the car's performance.

One of the most common issues with the Peugeot 406's alternator is a failure to charge the battery. This can cause the battery to become discharged and eventually fail, leaving the driver stranded. A faulty alternator can also cause the vehicle's electrical systems to malfunction, resulting in dimming headlights, radio static, and other electrical problems.

Another issue that may arise from a faulty alternator is a warning light appearing on the dashboard. The battery warning light may indicate that the alternator is not functioning correctly, and the battery may not be recharging. If this light appears, the driver should have the vehicle inspected by a qualified mechanic as soon as possible to prevent further damage to the battery and other electrical components.

To diagnose alternator failure, a mechanic will typically perform a charging system test. The test involves checking the voltage output of the alternator, the battery's charge level, and the connections between the alternator, battery, and electrical systems. If the alternator is found to be faulty, the mechanic may recommend replacing it to restore the charging system's proper function.

Preventing alternator failure requires regular maintenance and attention to the vehicle's electrical systems. Checking the battery's charge level regularly and ensuring the alternator's connections are clean and tight can help prevent issues. Additionally, driving habits that reduce the load on the alternator, such as turning off electrical systems when not in use, can also help prevent alternator failure.

1.2.3. Electrical Shorts

Electrical shorts are a common issue with the Peugeot 406's electrical system that can cause a wide range of problems, from minor issues like a malfunctioning stereo to more significant issues like a vehicle fire. Electrical shorts occur when an electrical circuit is interrupted or diverted, causing a surge of electricity that can damage components or even ignite flammable materials.

One common cause of electrical shorts in the Peugeot 406 is damaged wiring. Over time, the wiring in the vehicle can become brittle and break, exposing the inner wires and increasing the risk of a short. Another common cause is the presence of moisture or other contaminants in the electrical system. This can cause corrosion or short circuits, which can lead to electrical failure.

Symptoms of electrical shorts in the Peugeot 406 can include flickering headlights, intermittent electrical problems, and blown fuses. If left unaddressed, electrical shorts can cause more severe issues, such as engine stalling, battery failure, and even a fire.

To diagnose electrical shorts in the Peugeot 406, a mechanic will typically use a multimeter to check for continuity and voltage in the electrical system. The mechanic may also visually inspect the wiring and components for signs of damage or corrosion. Once the issue has been identified, the mechanic can repair or replace the affected components to restore the electrical system's proper function.

Preventing electrical shorts in the Peugeot 406 requires regular maintenance and attention to the vehicle's electrical system. Checking the wiring and electrical components for signs of damage or wear can help prevent issues. Additionally, ensuring that the vehicle is stored in a dry and secure location can help prevent moisture and other contaminants from entering the electrical system.

1.3. Suspension and Steering Issues

1.3.1. Worn Bushings and Ball Joints

One common issue that owners of the Peugeot 406 (1995-2004) may experience is worn bushings and ball joints in the suspension and steering system. Over time, the rubber bushings and ball joints that connect various components of the suspension and steering system can wear down or become damaged, leading to a variety of problems.

One common symptom of worn bushings and ball joints is a clunking or rattling noise coming from the front of the vehicle when going over bumps or uneven road surfaces. This noise may become more pronounced as the bushings and ball joints wear down further. In addition to the noise, the vehicle may also experience poor handling, particularly when going around corners or during sudden maneuvers.

To diagnose worn bushings and ball joints, a mechanic will typically inspect the various components of the suspension and steering system for wear and damage. This may involve jacking up the vehicle and inspecting the bushings and ball joints for cracks, tears, or other signs of wear. If the bushings and ball joints are found to be worn, they will need to be replaced to restore proper handling and ride quality.

In some cases, worn bushings and ball joints can be replaced individually, while in other cases, entire suspension and steering components may need to be replaced. It's important to address these issues promptly, as worn bushings and ball joints can cause excessive tire wear and may even lead to loss of control of the vehicle in extreme cases.

Regular maintenance and inspection of the suspension and steering system can help prevent or detect worn bushings and ball joints before they become a major problem. Additionally, replacing worn bushings and ball joints with high-quality aftermarket components can help ensure long-lasting performance and reliability.

1.3.2. Steering Rack Failure

One common issue that Peugeot 406 owners may encounter is steering rack failure. The steering rack is responsible for turning the wheels of the car, and when it fails, it can cause a variety of problems. One of the most noticeable signs of steering rack failure is difficulty turning the wheel, either in one direction or both.

Another symptom of steering rack failure is a clunking or knocking noise coming from the front of the car. This can be especially noticeable when turning the wheel or driving over bumps. The steering may also feel loose or imprecise, making it difficult to maintain control of the vehicle.

Steering rack failure can be caused by a variety of factors, including worn or damaged internal components, leaks in the hydraulic system, or damage to the outer housing. In some cases, the problem may be resolved with a simple repair, such as replacing a damaged seal or bushing. However, in more severe cases, the entire steering rack may need to be replaced.

To avoid steering rack failure, it is important to regularly inspect the steering system for signs of wear or damage, such as leaks or loose components. It is also important to address any issues promptly before they can cause more serious problems.

Overall, while steering rack failure can be a frustrating and potentially dangerous issue, it is a relatively uncommon problem for Peugeot 406 owners. With proper maintenance and prompt attention to any warning signs, most owners should be able to avoid this issue and enjoy a smooth and reliable driving experience.

1.3.3. Rear Suspension Failure

The rear suspension system of the Peugeot 406 (1995-2004) can experience several issues over time, which can affect the vehicle's handling and overall performance. Here are some of the common rear suspension problems experienced by owners of the Peugeot 406:

1. Weak or broken springs: The rear springs of the Peugeot 406 can become weak over time due to normal wear and tear, or if the vehicle is frequently driven over rough terrain. Broken springs can cause the vehicle to sag and make it difficult to control, especially when cornering.

2. Worn shock absorbers: Shock absorbers help to cushion the ride and keep the wheels in contact with the road. Over time, the shock absorbers on the Peugeot 406 can become worn, which can cause the vehicle to bounce or sway excessively, especially when going over bumps.

3. Bushing wear: The rear suspension system of the Peugeot 406 has several bushings that help to absorb vibrations and reduce noise. Over time, these bushings can become worn or damaged, which can cause the vehicle to feel loose or unstable when driving.

4. Axle problems: The rear axle of the Peugeot 406 can also experience issues, such as worn bearings or damaged seals. These problems can cause the vehicle to make strange noises or vibrate excessively, especially when driving at high speeds.

If you are experiencing any of these issues with your Peugeot 406's rear suspension, it is important to have the vehicle inspected by a qualified mechanic as soon as possible. Ignoring these problems can lead to further damage and may result in costly repairs down the line.

2. Problems by Peugeot 406 Model and Trim Level

2.1. Peugeot 406 Coupe (1997-2004)

2.1.1. Rear Suspension Failure

The Peugeot 406 Coupe, produced from 1997 to 2004, had its own set of issues separate from the sedan and wagon models. One common problem with the Coupe's rear suspension is related to its design, which consists of a torsion bar system rather than traditional springs and shock absorbers.

One issue that can arise with the rear suspension is the failure of the torsion bars, which can cause a sudden drop in the height of the rear of the vehicle. This can lead to uneven tire wear, reduced stability, and potentially dangerous driving conditions.

Another issue with the rear suspension is related to the rear axle bushings, which can wear out and cause excessive movement in the rear wheels. This can result in a rough or unstable ride, as well as increased tire wear.

In addition to these specific rear suspension issues, the Peugeot 406 Coupe is also prone to more general problems seen across the 406 line, such as electrical shorts and issues with ignition coils and spark plugs.

To prevent these issues from occurring or worsening, it is recommended that Coupe owners regularly inspect their vehicle's rear suspension components and address any signs of wear or damage promptly. This can include replacing worn bushings, ensuring proper torsion bar alignment, and addressing any fluid leaks that may contribute to rear suspension failure.

2.1.2. Coupe-Specific Electrical Issues

The Peugeot 406 Coupe, produced from 1997 to 2004, had some specific electrical issues that were not present in other models of the 406. One of the most common problems was with the electric windows, which were known to fail or become stuck in the open position. This issue was often caused by a faulty window regulator, which controls the movement of the window.

Another common electrical issue with the 406 Coupe was related to the dashboard display. Many owners reported that the display would flicker or go blank, making it difficult to read important information like speed and fuel levels. This was often caused by a faulty display unit, which would need to be replaced.

The 406 Coupe also had a tendency to experience issues with the central locking system. Owners reported that the system would fail to lock or unlock the doors, or that it would operate intermittently. This was often caused by a faulty locking actuator or control module, which would need to be replaced.

Finally, the 406 Coupe was known to experience issues with its audio system. Many owners reported that the radio would cut out or fail to produce sound, or that the CD player would not eject discs. These issues were often caused by faults in the wiring or in the audio system itself, which would need to be repaired or replaced.

Overall, while the 406 Coupe was a popular and stylish model, it did have some specific electrical issues that owners should be aware of. If you experience any of the above issues, it is recommended to take your car to a qualified mechanic or auto-electrician for diagnosis and repair.

2.2. Peugeot 406 Executive (1998-2004)

2.2.1. ES9 Engine Oil Leaks and Overheating

The Peugeot 406 Executive (1998-2004) is a top-of-the-line model with several features and luxurious upgrades. However, it is not immune to certain engine issues. One of the most common issues with this model is engine oil leaks and overheating, particularly with the ES9 engine.

The ES9 engine is a 3.0-liter V6 engine with an aluminum alloy cylinder head and block. While it offers excellent performance and power, it is also prone to oil leaks and overheating. One of the main causes of oil leaks in this engine is the valve cover gasket, which can become brittle and crack over time. This can lead to oil leaking onto the engine block and causing a mess.

Overheating in the ES9 engine can be caused by several factors, including a malfunctioning thermostat, a faulty water pump, or a blocked radiator. It is important to address any overheating issues promptly, as prolonged overheating can cause serious engine damage.

To prevent engine oil leaks and overheating, regular maintenance and inspections are crucial. It is recommended to have the engine oil and filter changed every 5,000 miles or six months, and to have the cooling system checked annually. If any leaks or issues are detected, they should be addressed immediately to prevent further damage.

2.2.2. Suspension and Steering Issues

The Peugeot 406 Executive, which was produced between 1998 and 2004, is known to have its fair share of suspension and steering issues. The most common problem reported by owners is the failure of the suspension components. Over time, the bushings and ball joints on the front suspension may wear out, causing a clunking noise when driving over bumps or uneven roads. In addition, the rear suspension may also experience issues, such as worn shock absorbers and broken springs.

Another common issue that affects the steering system is the failure of the steering rack. This can result in a loss of power steering, making it difficult to maneuver the vehicle, particularly at low speeds. Some owners have also reported a knocking noise when turning the steering wheel, which may indicate a problem with the steering column or tie rods.

To avoid suspension and steering issues, regular maintenance and inspections are essential. It is recommended to have the suspension components checked every 50,000 miles, and to replace any worn or damaged parts promptly. Additionally, it is important to have the steering system inspected if any unusual noises or steering difficulties are noticed.

Overall, while the Peugeot 406 Executive may experience suspension and steering issues, these problems can be easily addressed through proper maintenance and timely repairs.

2.3. Peugeot 406 GLX (1995-2004)

2.3.1. XUD Engine Fuel Leaks

The Peugeot 406 GLX model, which was manufactured between 1995 and 2004, had a common issue of fuel leaks in the XUD engine. This issue can be caused by a few different factors, including worn fuel lines or a damaged fuel pump. If left unaddressed, fuel leaks can become a serious safety concern, as they increase the risk of fire or engine failure.

To address fuel leaks, it is important to inspect the fuel lines and connections regularly for signs of wear or damage. If any problems are detected, the affected components should be replaced immediately. Additionally, the fuel pump should be inspected to ensure that it is functioning properly and is not causing any leaks.

It is also recommended to avoid driving the vehicle with a low fuel level, as this can increase the likelihood of fuel leaks due to the additional stress placed on the fuel system. Regular maintenance, including fuel system cleaning and filter replacements, can also help prevent fuel leaks and prolong the life of the engine.

Overall, it is important for Peugeot 406 GLX owners to be vigilant about fuel leaks and address them promptly to ensure the safety and longevity of their vehicle.

2.3.2. Electrical Issues with Older Models

The Peugeot 406 GLX, produced between 1995-2004, is an older model of the Peugeot 406 series. One of the most common issues reported by owners of this model is electrical problems. These problems can be attributed to the age of the vehicle and the wear and tear on the electrical components.

Some common electrical issues reported with the Peugeot 406 GLX include faulty sensors, intermittent power loss, and battery drainage. These problems can often be traced to faulty wiring, corroded connectors, or worn out electrical components. Additionally, some owners have reported issues with dashboard lighting and malfunctioning audio systems.

To prevent electrical problems, it is important to have the electrical system inspected regularly and any issues addressed promptly. It is also recommended to avoid overloading the electrical system with aftermarket accessories or modifications, as this can put additional strain on the system.

In addition to regular maintenance and avoiding overloading the electrical system, owners of the Peugeot 406 GLX can take steps to minimize the risk of electrical problems. For example, they can avoid leaving electrical components, such as headlights and audio systems, on when the engine is not running, which can drain the battery. They can also check the condition of the battery and replace it if it is not holding a charge.

Overall, while electrical issues are a common problem with older models of the Peugeot 406, they can be prevented with proper maintenance and care.

3. Common Issues by Generation of Peugeot 406

3.1. First Generation Peugeot 406 (1995-1999)

3.1.1. XU5 Engine Oil Leaks

The Peugeot 406 first generation (1995-1999) is known for its XU5 engine oil leaks. The XU5 engine is a 1.8-liter inline-four engine, and one of the most common issues with this engine is the oil leaks. The oil leaks are usually caused by worn out gaskets and seals.

The most common area for the oil leaks is from the rocker cover gasket, which is responsible for sealing the valve cover to the cylinder head. Other areas prone to oil leaks include the oil pan gasket, the front and rear crankshaft seals, and the camshaft seals.

Oil leaks can cause a variety of problems, including decreased engine performance, engine overheating, and low oil pressure. If left unaddressed, oil leaks can also damage the engine and other parts of the vehicle.

To prevent oil leaks, it's important to keep up with regular maintenance and have any issues addressed promptly. This may include replacing worn gaskets and seals, as well as ensuring proper oil levels and using high-quality engine oil. It's also important to regularly inspect the engine for signs of leaks and address any issues promptly to prevent further damage.

3.1.2. Electrical Issues with Early Models

The Peugeot 406 first generation (1995-1999) has been known to have various electrical issues. One of the most common problems is with the central locking system. Owners have reported issues with the remote control not working or the locking mechanism not responding. This issue is often caused by a faulty central locking module or a problem with the wiring.

Another common electrical issue with the early models of the Peugeot 406 is with the dashboard display. Some owners have reported issues with the speedometer, fuel gauge, and other dashboard displays not functioning properly. This issue can be caused by a faulty instrument cluster or a problem with the wiring.

In addition to the central locking system and dashboard display issues, early models of the Peugeot 406 have also been known to have problems with the power windows. Owners have reported issues with the windows not rolling up or down, which can be caused by a faulty window regulator or a problem with the wiring.

It is important to note that these electrical issues are not unique to the Peugeot 406 and are commonly found in older vehicles. However, it is important to address these issues as soon as they arise to prevent further problems and potential safety hazards. A qualified mechanic can diagnose and repair these issues to keep your Peugeot 406 running smoothly.

3.2. Second Generation Peugeot 406 (1999-2004)

3.2.1. Suspension and Steering Issues

The second generation Peugeot 406 (1999-2004) had some common suspension and steering issues that were reported by many owners. One of the most common issues was the failure of the power steering pump, which could lead to difficulties in steering and a whining noise. Another issue was with the suspension springs, which were known to break or sag, leading to a bumpy and uncomfortable ride.

Some owners also reported problems with the suspension strut bearings, which could lead to knocking or clunking noises when going over bumps or turning. In addition, the front suspension lower arm ball joints were known to wear out prematurely, leading to poor handling and potentially dangerous driving conditions.

Finally, some owners reported issues with the rear suspension, particularly the rear axle beam bushes, which could lead to a clunking noise when going over bumps or rough roads. Overall, it is important for owners of second generation Peugeot 406 models to keep an eye out for these common suspension and steering issues in order to ensure the safety and comfort of their driving experience.

3.2.2. ES9 Engine Overheating

The Peugeot 406's second generation (1999-2004) is known for its ES9 engine overheating issues. This issue is mostly caused by the engine's head gasket failure, which leads to coolant leakage and, ultimately, overheating. The head gasket's failure can be caused by various reasons, including poor maintenance practices, poor quality coolant, and engine overheating.

When the engine overheats, it can cause severe damage to the engine's internal components, including the pistons, connecting rods, and cylinder head. If not fixed immediately, the engine may seize, leading to costly repairs or even engine replacement.

To prevent ES9 engine overheating, it's essential to maintain your car's cooling system properly. Regularly check the coolant levels and ensure that the coolant is topped up to the appropriate level. Additionally, it's vital to flush the cooling system and replace the coolant every few years, as recommended in the car's manual.

If you notice any signs of engine overheating, such as warning lights, steam or smoke coming from the engine, or unusual engine noises, it's crucial to stop driving immediately and have the car checked by a qualified mechanic. By addressing the issue early, you can prevent further damage and ensure your car's reliability and longevity.

4. Common Issues by Type of Peugeot 406 Engine

4.1. XUD Engine

4.1.1. Fuel Leaks

The XUD engine, which is found in some models of the Peugeot 406, has been known to develop fuel leaks over time. These leaks can occur in various parts of the engine, including the fuel injector lines, fuel pump, and fuel pressure regulator.

If left untreated, fuel leaks can not only result in a loss of fuel efficiency, but also pose a serious safety risk as they can potentially lead to fires. In addition, fuel leaks can also damage other engine components, leading to more expensive repairs in the long run.

To prevent fuel leaks from occurring, it is important to regularly maintain the fuel system of your Peugeot 406. This includes ensuring that the fuel lines are properly connected, inspecting the fuel pump for signs of wear or damage, and replacing any worn or damaged parts as soon as possible.

If you suspect a fuel leak in your Peugeot 406, it is important to have it inspected and repaired by a qualified mechanic as soon as possible to avoid potential safety risks and costly repairs.

4.1.2. Head Gasket Failure

The XUD engine used in some Peugeot 406 models is known to have head gasket failure issues. The head gasket is the seal between the engine block and the cylinder head, and it plays a crucial role in ensuring that the engine runs smoothly. If the head gasket fails, it can lead to a variety of problems, including engine overheating, coolant loss, and reduced engine performance.

One of the primary causes of head gasket failure is engine overheating. When the engine overheats, the metal parts of the engine expand and contract at different rates, which can cause the head gasket to become damaged. In addition, overheating can cause the cylinder head to warp, which can also damage the head gasket.

Another common cause of head gasket failure is coolant contamination. If the coolant becomes contaminated with oil, it can cause the head gasket to fail. This can happen if there is a leak in the oil cooler or if the oil and coolant passages in the engine block become clogged.

In some cases, head gasket failure can also be caused by poor maintenance. If the engine is not properly maintained, it can lead to a buildup of debris and sludge in the engine block, which can cause the head gasket to fail.

If you suspect that your Peugeot 406 has a head gasket problem, it's important to get it diagnosed and repaired as soon as possible. Ignoring the problem can lead to more serious engine damage and potentially expensive repairs. A qualified mechanic can perform a diagnostic test to determine the cause of the problem and recommend the appropriate repairs.

4.2. EW10 Engine

4.2.1. Misfiring and Hesitation

The Peugeot 406 equipped with the EW10 engine has been known to experience misfiring and hesitation issues. These issues can occur due to various reasons, including faulty ignition coils, spark plugs, or fuel injectors. In some cases, the engine's timing may be off, leading to poor performance.

One of the most common culprits of misfiring and hesitation in the EW10 engine is a faulty ignition coil. Ignition coils play a critical role in the engine's ignition system by providing the spark required to ignite the air-fuel mixture. When an ignition coil fails, it can cause a misfire, resulting in a rough idle, hesitation, and reduced power.

Another common issue that can cause misfiring and hesitation is a faulty spark plug. Spark plugs wear over time and can become fouled with carbon deposits, reducing their ability to ignite the air-fuel mixture. In some cases, a damaged or worn spark plug can also cause misfiring and hesitation.

Fuel injectors are another critical component that can cause misfiring and hesitation in the EW10 engine. Over time, fuel injectors can become clogged with debris or develop leaks, affecting their ability to provide the correct amount of fuel to the engine. This can result in a misfire and hesitation.

4.2.2. Timing Belt Tensioner Failure

One common issue with the EW10 engine in Peugeot 406 models is timing belt tensioner failure. The timing belt tensioner is responsible for maintaining proper tension on the engine's timing belt, which keeps the engine's valves and pistons operating in sync. Over time, the tensioner can become worn or damaged, which can result in slack in the timing belt. This can cause the engine to misfire or run roughly, as well as potentially causing damage to the engine if the timing belt slips or skips teeth.

Some signs of timing belt tensioner failure include a ticking or rattling noise coming from the engine, especially when the engine is first started, as well as increased engine vibration or hesitation during acceleration. In some cases, the engine may even stall or fail to start.

To prevent timing belt tensioner failure, it is important to have the timing belt and tensioner inspected regularly by a qualified mechanic. It is generally recommended to replace the timing belt and tensioner at regular intervals, typically every 60,000 to 100,000 miles depending on the manufacturer's recommendations. This can help prevent more serious engine damage and keep the engine running smoothly.

4.3. ES9 Engine

4.3.1. Oil Leaks and Overheating

Peugeot 406 owners with ES9 engines have reported issues related to oil leaks and overheating. These problems can arise due to a variety of reasons, including faulty cylinder head gaskets, damaged or worn out oil seals, and damaged oil pressure switches.

In some cases, the overheating may also be caused by a faulty radiator or thermostat. As the engine overheats, it can lead to damage to the cylinder head, which can be a costly repair. The oil leaks can also cause further damage if not addressed promptly, as oil loss can cause engine damage and other problems.

Regular maintenance and checks of the engine oil level and coolant level can help identify and address these issues before they become more severe. It is also recommended to use the correct grade of engine oil and to replace worn out parts as soon as they are identified.

If any of these issues are detected, it is important to take the vehicle to a qualified mechanic for proper diagnosis and repair.

4.3.2. Head Gasket Failure

Head gasket failure is a common issue in Peugeot 406 models equipped with the ES9 engine. This engine is known for its tendency to develop head gasket problems, which can result in a range of issues.

One of the most common symptoms of head gasket failure is overheating. As the gasket begins to fail, it can allow coolant to leak into the engine's cylinders, leading to overheating and potentially causing severe engine damage. Other symptoms of head gasket failure may include oil leaks, loss of engine power, and poor fuel efficiency.

If left untreated, head gasket failure can lead to serious engine damage and even engine failure. It is important to have the issue diagnosed and repaired as soon as possible to prevent further damage.

Repairing a failed head gasket is a complex and labor-intensive process that typically involves removing the engine cylinder head and replacing the gasket. In some cases, additional engine components may need to be replaced as well.

To prevent head gasket failure, it is important to properly maintain the engine and regularly check the coolant levels and oil levels. If any signs of head gasket failure are noticed, it is essential to have the issue addressed promptly by a qualified mechanic to prevent further damage and costly repairs.

5. Common Issues by Peugeot 406 Complectation

5.1. Peugeot 406 ST (1995-2004)

5.1.1. Suspension and Steering Issues

Peugeot 406 ST models (1995-2004) are known to have suspension and steering issues, which can result in poor handling, noise, and vibration while driving. One of the most common problems with the suspension is worn out or damaged shock absorbers, which can cause the car to bounce excessively or lose stability during turns. Ball joints and tie rod ends are also prone to wear and can result in steering play and looseness.

Another issue that affects the steering system of Peugeot 406 ST is the failure of the power steering pump, which can cause the steering wheel to become stiff or unresponsive. This can be caused by a worn-out pump, low power steering fluid, or a damaged power steering belt. Steering racks can also wear out, causing noise and vibration while turning the steering wheel.

In addition to these issues, Peugeot 406 ST models may also experience problems with the suspension bushings and wheel bearings. Worn-out bushings can cause excessive movement in the suspension, leading to noise and vibration while driving. Wheel bearings can also fail, causing a loud humming noise while driving, especially at high speeds.

Overall, Peugeot 406 ST models may suffer from a variety of suspension and steering issues that can negatively impact the driving experience. It is important to regularly inspect and maintain the suspension and steering components to prevent these issues from arising or worsening over time.

5.1.2. XUD Engine Fuel Leaks

One of the common issues experienced by the Peugeot 406 ST, a trim level available for the first generation Peugeot 406 (1995-1999), is fuel leaks in the XUD engine. The XUD engine is a diesel engine used in a number of Peugeot models, including the 406.

The fuel leak problem is often caused by the diesel injection pump, which can develop leaks over time. This can result in fuel dripping onto the ground or onto engine components, creating a fire hazard. In some cases, the fuel leak may also cause the engine to stall or not start at all.

If you notice fuel leaks on your Peugeot 406 ST, it is important to have the issue addressed promptly. Ignoring the problem can lead to serious safety risks and potentially costly repairs. A qualified mechanic can inspect the diesel injection pump and associated components to identify the source of the leak and recommend appropriate repairs.

Regular maintenance and inspections can help prevent fuel leaks in the XUD engine of your Peugeot 406 ST. It is recommended to follow the manufacturer's recommended maintenance schedule and have your vehicle inspected by a qualified mechanic on a regular basis. This can help identify and address potential problems before they turn into more serious issues.

5.2. Peugeot 406 SRI (1995-2004)

5.2.1. Electrical Issues

The Peugeot 406 SRI, produced from 1995 to 2004, has several common electrical issues that can cause problems for its owners. One of the most frequent issues is related to the car's wiring, which can become damaged over time due to wear and tear. This can cause problems with the car's electrical system, such as the power windows, power locks, and dashboard lights not working properly.

Another common issue with the Peugeot 406 SRI is related to its battery. If the battery is not maintained properly or is old, it can cause the car to have difficulty starting or even fail to start at all. This can be a frustrating issue for drivers, especially if they are in a rush or on a tight schedule.

Additionally, the Peugeot 406 SRI can experience problems with its alternator. The alternator is responsible for charging the car's battery and supplying power to the car's electrical system. If the alternator is faulty, it can cause the car's battery to drain quickly and lead to electrical issues throughout the vehicle.

Finally, the Peugeot 406 SRI can also experience issues with its sensors. This includes the oxygen sensor, which is responsible for measuring the amount of oxygen in the car's exhaust system. A faulty oxygen sensor can cause the car to run poorly, leading to decreased fuel efficiency and increased emissions.

Overall, the Peugeot 406 SRI has several common electrical issues that can cause headaches for its owners. It's important to keep up with regular maintenance and address any issues promptly to keep the car running smoothly.

5.2.2. Misfiring and Hesitation with EW10 Engine

The Peugeot 406 SRI, manufactured between 1995 and 2004, is known for experiencing misfiring and hesitation issues, particularly when equipped with the EW10 engine. These issues can arise due to a number of factors, including faulty ignition coils, clogged fuel injectors, or a malfunctioning throttle position sensor.

One common cause of misfiring and hesitation in the Peugeot 406 SRI is a malfunctioning ignition coil. The ignition coil is responsible for providing the spark that ignites the fuel in the engine, and if it is not functioning properly, the engine may misfire or hesitate. A faulty ignition coil can be diagnosed through a visual inspection or by using a diagnostic tool to check for trouble codes.

Another potential cause of misfiring and hesitation is clogged fuel injectors. Fuel injectors are responsible for delivering fuel to the engine in a precise manner, and if they become clogged or dirty, they may not function properly, leading to misfires or hesitation. Fuel injectors can be cleaned or replaced as needed to address this issue.

A malfunctioning throttle position sensor (TPS) can also cause misfiring and hesitation in the Peugeot 406 SRI. The TPS is responsible for monitoring the position of the throttle, and if it is not functioning properly, the engine may not receive the correct amount of fuel, leading to misfires or hesitation. A faulty TPS can be diagnosed through a diagnostic tool and replaced as needed.

Overall, misfiring and hesitation issues in the Peugeot 406 SRI with the EW10 engine can be caused by a variety of factors, and proper diagnosis is key to addressing the issue effectively. Regular maintenance, including cleaning and replacing fuel injectors and ignition coils as needed, can help prevent these issues from arising in the first place.

5.3. Peugeot 406 Executive (1998-2004)

5.3.1. ES9 Engine Oil Leaks and Overheating

The Peugeot 406 Executive, which was produced from 1998 to 2004, is a luxurious and well-equipped version of the 406 with the ES9 engine. However, this complectation is not without its issues. One of the most common issues with the ES9 engine in the Peugeot 406 Executive is oil leaks and overheating.

Oil leaks in the ES9 engine can be caused by a variety of factors. One of the most common causes is a faulty oil pressure sensor or oil filter housing gasket. These parts can wear out over time and cause oil to leak from the engine. Another common cause of oil leaks is a damaged valve cover gasket, which can allow oil to seep out of the engine and onto the surrounding components.

Overheating can also be a common issue with the ES9 engine in the Peugeot 406 Executive. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including a faulty thermostat, a malfunctioning water pump, or a clogged radiator. Overheating can cause serious damage to the engine, so it's important to address the issue as soon as possible.

In addition to these issues, some owners of the Peugeot 406 Executive have reported problems with the engine's timing belt. The timing belt tensioner can fail, causing the belt to slip or break. This can result in serious engine damage and costly repairs.

Overall, the Peugeot 406 Executive with the ES9 engine is a reliable and high-performing car, but it is not immune to issues like oil leaks, overheating, and timing belt tensioner failure. Regular maintenance and timely repairs are important to ensure that the car remains in good condition and performs at its best.

5.3.2. Suspension and Steering Issues

The Peugeot 406 Executive is a well-equipped model that features various comfort and luxury features. However, like many cars, it is not without its issues. One of the most common problems experienced by Peugeot 406 Executive owners is suspension and steering issues. These problems can include noisy suspension, worn ball joints, and faulty power steering pumps. Over time, the suspension components on the Peugeot 406 Executive may wear out and require replacement, leading to poor handling and an uncomfortable ride. Additionally, the power steering pump may begin to fail, leading to difficulty steering the car.

To address these issues, regular maintenance of the suspension and power steering system is recommended. This includes inspecting the suspension components for wear and replacing any worn or damaged parts. It is also important to ensure that the power steering system is regularly serviced to maintain proper function. If suspension or steering problems are detected, it is recommended to have them repaired as soon as possible to prevent further damage or potential safety issues.

6. Conclusion

6.1. Recap of Common Issues

Peugeot 406 was a popular mid-size family car produced by French automaker Peugeot from 1995 to 2004. Like any other car, Peugeot 406 also had its fair share of common issues across different models and engine types.

One of the most common issues with Peugeot 406 was the head gasket failure, which was reported in both XUD and ES9 engines. This issue could lead to coolant loss, overheating, and potential engine damage. Another common issue with the XUD engine was fuel leaks, which could be caused by damaged fuel lines or faulty fuel pumps.

The EW10 engine in Peugeot 406 SRI models was known to have misfiring and hesitation issues, which could be caused by faulty ignition coils or spark plugs. The timing belt tensioner in the EW10 engine was also prone to failure, which could lead to engine damage if not addressed promptly.

The ES9 engine in Peugeot 406 Executive models was reported to have oil leaks and overheating issues, which could be caused by damaged oil seals or faulty cooling systems. Suspension and steering issues were also reported in some models of Peugeot 406, particularly the ST and Executive models.

6.2. Importance of Regular Maintenance and Inspection

Regular maintenance and inspection are crucial to the proper functioning and longevity of any vehicle, including the Peugeot 406. The common issues discussed above can often be prevented or caught early with routine check-ups and maintenance tasks, such as oil changes, timing belt replacements, and brake pad replacements.

Neglecting regular maintenance can lead to more significant and costly problems down the line, including engine failure and transmission issues. Additionally, some of these common issues, such as fuel leaks and overheating, can be dangerous if left unaddressed.

Owners of Peugeot 406 vehicles should follow the manufacturer's recommended maintenance schedule and have their car inspected by a qualified mechanic regularly. By doing so, they can catch potential issues before they become more significant problems, ensure their car runs smoothly, and potentially save money on costly repairs in the long run.

Overall, taking care of your Peugeot 406 through regular maintenance and inspections is a crucial aspect of responsible car ownership, and one that can make a significant difference in the car's performance and longevity.

6.3. Final Thoughts and Recommendations.

In conclusion, the Peugeot 406 is a reliable car with a long-standing reputation for quality and durability. However, as with any vehicle, it is not immune to issues and requires regular maintenance and inspection to keep it running smoothly.

Based on the common issues discussed above, it is recommended that owners of Peugeot 406 vehicles pay particular attention to the following areas:

- Cooling system: Regular checks for leaks and overheating can help prevent more serious issues like head gasket failure.

- Timing belt tensioner: Replacing this component at regular intervals can prevent costly damage to the engine.

- Suspension and steering: Regular inspection and maintenance can help avoid issues with handling and tire wear.

- Electrical system: Paying attention to warning lights and addressing any issues with wiring or components can prevent electrical failures.

It is also recommended to choose a reputable mechanic with experience working on Peugeot 406 vehicles to perform any necessary repairs or maintenance. Keeping up with regular oil changes and other routine maintenance can also help extend the life of the vehicle and prevent more serious issues down the line.

Overall, with proper care and attention, the Peugeot 406 can provide reliable transportation for many years.

Example List of Peugeot 406 Engine Error Codes and Descriptions

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