Common Issues with Citroen BX 15: Troubleshooting Guide

By Brian Wong, Reviewed by: Kurt Niebuhr, Updated on April 25, 2024

1. Introduction

The Citroen BX 15 was a popular model of car that was manufactured between 1982 and 1993. It was a mid-size car that offered a spacious interior and a comfortable ride. However, like many cars, the BX 15 was not without its issues.

One common problem with the Citroen BX 15 was related to the engine. Overheating was a common issue, particularly with models produced in the early years of production. This was often caused by a faulty cooling system, which could lead to serious engine damage if not addressed. Low oil pressure was another common issue that could cause engine damage if not dealt with promptly. Misfires were also a common issue, particularly with models that had high mileage.

Transmission-related issues were also common with the Citroen BX 15. Clutch problems were a frequent issue, particularly with models that had been driven hard. Gearbox issues were also a problem, particularly with models produced in the mid to late 80s. Differential failures were another common issue, particularly with models that had high mileage or had been used for heavy-duty purposes.

The suspension system of the Citroen BX 15 was one of its most notable features, but it was also prone to issues. Hydropneumatic system leaks were a common issue, particularly with models that had been driven on rough roads or in harsh weather conditions. Suspension height issues were also a problem, particularly with models that had not been serviced regularly. Worn suspension components were another common issue, particularly with models that had high mileage.

Electrical issues were also a common problem with the Citroen BX 15. Battery drains were a frequent issue, particularly with models that had been left unused for extended periods of time. Electrical shorts were also a common problem, particularly with models that had been involved in accidents. Faulty alternators were another common issue that could cause serious problems if not dealt with promptly.

2. Common Issues by Year

2.1. 1982-1984 Models

The Citroen BX 15 was first introduced in 1982, and early models of this car had their share of common issues. One of the most frequent issues that owners of 1982-1984 models encountered was related to the cooling system. Many early BX 15s had a faulty radiator design, which meant that the cooling system was not able to keep the engine at an appropriate temperature. This would often result in the engine overheating, which could cause serious damage if not addressed.

Another common issue with the 1982-1984 Citroen BX 15 models was related to the clutch. Many owners reported problems with the clutch slipping, which made it difficult to shift gears and reduced overall performance. This issue was often caused by worn clutch components, which would need to be replaced in order to restore the car to proper working order.

The suspension system on the 1982-1984 Citroen BX 15 models was another area where owners reported issues. Hydropneumatic system leaks were a common issue, which could cause the car to ride lower than it should or result in a bouncy ride. Additionally, worn suspension components were also a frequent issue, which could result in a lack of stability and control when driving.

Finally, electrical issues were also a common problem with the 1982-1984 Citroen BX 15 models. Battery drains were a frequent issue, which was often caused by faulty alternators or other electrical components. Electrical shorts were also a common problem, which could result in a range of issues including blown fuses, malfunctioning headlights, and other electrical problems.

2.2. 1985-1989 Models

The Citroen BX 15 underwent some changes in 1985, with updates made to address some of the issues experienced with earlier models. However, there were still some common issues reported by owners of 1985-1989 models.

One issue that continued to affect many BX 15s was related to the hydropneumatic suspension system. Many owners reported leaks in the suspension system, which would cause the car to ride lower than it should and result in a bouncy ride. Additionally, worn suspension components were still a frequent issue, which could result in a lack of stability and control when driving.

Another common issue with the 1985-1989 Citroen BX 15 models was related to the gearbox. Some owners reported difficulty shifting gears, with a stiff or unresponsive clutch pedal making it difficult to engage the gears. This issue was often caused by worn clutch components or a malfunctioning gearbox, which would need to be replaced in order to restore the car to proper working order.

Electrical issues continued to be a common problem with the 1985-1989 Citroen BX 15 models as well. Many owners reported issues with the alternator, which could fail and cause the battery to drain. Other common electrical problems included blown fuses, malfunctioning headlights, and other electrical issues that could impact the performance of the car.

Finally, rust was also a common problem with the 1985-1989 Citroen BX 15 models. Many owners reported rust developing in areas such as the wheel arches, sills, and door bottoms. This issue could be particularly problematic if not addressed promptly, as rust can spread and cause serious damage to the body of the car.

2.3. 1990-1993 Models

The Citroen BX 15 underwent some changes in 1990, with updates made to address some of the issues experienced with earlier models. However, there were still some common issues reported by owners of 1990-1993 models.

One issue that affected many BX 15s was related to the hydropneumatic suspension system. Many owners reported leaks in the suspension system, which would cause the car to ride lower than it should and result in a bouncy ride. Additionally, worn suspension components were still a frequent issue, which could result in a lack of stability and control when driving.

Another common issue with the 1990-1993 Citroen BX 15 models was related to the gearbox. Some owners reported difficulty shifting gears, with a stiff or unresponsive clutch pedal making it difficult to engage the gears. This issue was often caused by worn clutch components or a malfunctioning gearbox, which would need to be replaced in order to restore the car to proper working order.

Electrical issues continued to be a common problem with the 1990-1993 Citroen BX 15 models as well. Many owners reported issues with the alternator, which could fail and cause the battery to drain. Other common electrical problems included blown fuses, malfunctioning headlights, and other electrical issues that could impact the performance of the car.

Finally, rust was also a common problem with the 1990-1993 Citroen BX 15 models. Many owners reported rust developing in areas such as the wheel arches, sills, and door bottoms. This issue could be particularly problematic if not addressed promptly, as rust can spread and cause serious damage to the body of the car.

3. Engine-Related Issues

3.1. Overheating

Overheating is a common engine-related issue that can affect the Citroen BX 15. There are several potential causes of overheating, ranging from simple issues to more complex problems that require professional attention.

One of the most common causes of overheating in the Citroen BX 15 is a low coolant level. If the coolant level is low, the engine may not be able to properly regulate its temperature, which can lead to overheating. Checking the coolant level and adding more coolant if necessary can often solve this issue.

Another potential cause of overheating is a malfunctioning thermostat. The thermostat is responsible for regulating the flow of coolant through the engine, and if it fails, the coolant may not circulate properly, leading to overheating. In this case, replacing the thermostat can often resolve the issue.

A damaged or malfunctioning water pump can also lead to overheating in the Citroen BX 15. The water pump is responsible for circulating coolant through the engine, and if it fails, the engine may not be able to properly regulate its temperature. Replacing the water pump is typically necessary in order to address this issue.

Finally, a damaged or malfunctioning radiator can also cause overheating in the Citroen BX 15. The radiator is responsible for dissipating heat from the engine, and if it is damaged or not functioning properly, the engine may overheat. In some cases, the radiator can be repaired, but in many cases, replacement is necessary in order to properly address the issue.

Overall, there are several potential causes of overheating in the Citroen BX 15, ranging from simple issues like a low coolant level to more complex issues like a damaged radiator. It's important for owners to be aware of the signs of overheating and to take prompt action if they notice any issues in order to prevent further damage to the engine. Seeking professional assistance from a mechanic or dealership may be necessary to properly diagnose and repair more complex issues related to overheating.

3.2. Low Oil Pressure

Low oil pressure is another common engine-related issue that can affect the Citroen BX 15. The oil pressure system is responsible for ensuring that there is enough oil circulating through the engine to keep it properly lubricated and functioning smoothly. If the oil pressure drops too low, it can cause serious damage to the engine over time.

There are several potential causes of low oil pressure in the Citroen BX 15. One common cause is a malfunctioning oil pressure sensor. If the sensor is not functioning properly, it may not accurately detect the oil pressure, leading to low readings on the gauge. Replacing the sensor can often resolve this issue.

Another potential cause of low oil pressure is a clogged oil filter. If the filter becomes clogged with debris, it can restrict the flow of oil through the engine, leading to low oil pressure. In this case, replacing the oil filter can often resolve the issue.

A damaged or malfunctioning oil pump can also cause low oil pressure in the Citroen BX 15. The oil pump is responsible for circulating oil through the engine, and if it fails, the engine may not receive enough oil to function properly. Replacing the oil pump is typically necessary in order to address this issue.

Finally, low oil pressure can also be caused by low oil levels. If the oil level is too low, the engine may not receive enough oil to function properly, leading to low oil pressure. Checking the oil level regularly and adding more oil if necessary can often prevent this issue from occurring.

Overall, there are several potential causes of low oil pressure in the Citroen BX 15, ranging from simple issues like a clogged oil filter to more complex issues like a malfunctioning oil pump. It's important for owners to be aware of the signs of low oil pressure and to take prompt action if they notice any issues in order to prevent further damage to the engine. Seeking professional assistance from a mechanic or dealership may be necessary to properly diagnose and repair more complex issues related to low oil pressure.

3.3. Misfires

Misfires are a common engine-related issue that can affect the Citroen BX 15. A misfire occurs when one or more cylinders in the engine fail to ignite properly, leading to a loss of power and potential damage to the engine over time.

There are several potential causes of misfires in the Citroen BX 15. One common cause is a faulty spark plug. Over time, spark plugs can become worn or dirty, leading to reduced performance and misfires. Replacing the spark plugs can often resolve this issue.

Another potential cause of misfires is a clogged fuel injector. If the fuel injector becomes clogged with debris, it may not be able to properly deliver fuel to the engine, leading to misfires. Cleaning or replacing the fuel injector can often resolve this issue.

A malfunctioning ignition coil can also cause misfires in the Citroen BX 15. The ignition coil is responsible for providing the spark that ignites the fuel in the engine, and if it fails, misfires can occur. Replacing the ignition coil can often resolve this issue.

Finally, misfires can also be caused by low fuel pressure. If the fuel pressure is too low, the engine may not receive enough fuel to function properly, leading to misfires. Checking the fuel pressure and replacing any faulty components can often resolve this issue.

Overall, misfires in the Citroen BX 15 can be caused by a range of issues, from simple component failures like faulty spark plugs to more complex issues like low fuel pressure. Regular maintenance and inspections can help prevent misfires from occurring, and prompt action is necessary if any issues are noticed in order to prevent further damage to the engine. Seeking professional assistance from a mechanic or dealership may be necessary to properly diagnose and repair more complex issues related to misfires.

4. Transmission-Related Issues

4.1. Clutch Problems

The clutch system is an important component of the Citroen BX 15's transmission, responsible for engaging and disengaging the engine's power from the wheels. Over time, the clutch can experience a range of issues that can lead to reduced performance and potential damage to the transmission.

One common clutch-related issue in the Citroen BX 15 is a slipping clutch. This occurs when the clutch is not able to fully engage, resulting in a loss of power and reduced acceleration. A slipping clutch can be caused by a range of issues, including worn clutch discs, a faulty pressure plate, or a damaged flywheel. Replacing the affected components can often resolve this issue.

Another potential clutch-related issue is a noisy clutch. This occurs when the clutch produces a grinding or squeaking noise when engaged or disengaged. A noisy clutch can be caused by a worn release bearing or a misaligned clutch disc. Replacing the affected components and realigning the clutch system can often resolve this issue.

A worn or damaged clutch master or slave cylinder can also cause issues in the Citroen BX 15's clutch system. The clutch master cylinder is responsible for converting the force from the clutch pedal into hydraulic pressure, while the slave cylinder is responsible for engaging and disengaging the clutch. If either of these components fail, the clutch may not function properly. Replacing the affected component can often resolve this issue.

Overall, clutch-related issues in the Citroen BX 15 can be caused by a range of issues, from worn or damaged components to misalignment or improper adjustment. Regular maintenance and inspections can help prevent these issues from occurring, and prompt action is necessary if any issues are noticed in order to prevent further damage to the transmission. Seeking professional assistance from a mechanic or dealership may be necessary to properly diagnose and repair more complex clutch-related issues.

4.2. Gearbox Issues

One common transmission-related issue that owners of Citroen BX 15 may experience is gearbox problems. This issue may manifest in a number of ways, such as difficulty shifting gears, grinding or whining noises, or slipping gears. The root cause of these symptoms can vary, but it's often related to wear and tear on the gearbox components, such as the synchros, bearings, or gears themselves.

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it's important to have your gearbox inspected and diagnosed by a qualified mechanic as soon as possible. In some cases, a simple fluid change or adjustment may be all that's needed to resolve the issue. However, if the problem is more serious, such as a damaged gear or bearing, a rebuild or replacement of the gearbox may be necessary.

To prevent gearbox issues from occurring, it's important to maintain your Citroen BX 15 according to the manufacturer's recommended maintenance schedule. This typically includes regular oil changes, as well as periodic inspections of the gearbox and transmission components. Additionally, it's important to drive your vehicle in a responsible manner and avoid placing undue stress on the gearbox through aggressive driving or excessive towing.

4.3. Differential Failures

Another common transmission-related issue that Citroen BX 15 owners may experience is differential failure. The differential is an important component of the vehicle's transmission system that helps to distribute power evenly to the wheels during turns. When the differential fails, it can lead to a number of problems, including vibration, noise, and loss of power to the wheels.

There are several potential causes of differential failure, including wear and tear on the gears or bearings, lack of lubrication, or damage to the differential housing. In some cases, differential failure can be prevented by following the manufacturer's recommended maintenance schedule, which typically includes regular fluid changes and inspections of the differential components.

If you are experiencing symptoms of differential failure, it's important to have your vehicle inspected by a qualified mechanic as soon as possible. Depending on the severity of the issue, a repair or replacement of the differential may be necessary to restore proper function and prevent further damage to other components of the transmission system.

To minimize the risk of differential failure, it's important to drive your Citroen BX 15 responsibly and avoid placing excessive stress on the transmission system. This may include avoiding aggressive driving, excessive towing, or carrying heavy loads. Additionally, it's important to address any symptoms of transmission-related issues promptly, before they can cause further damage to the vehicle.

5. Suspension-Related Issues

5.1. Hydropneumatic System Leaks

The Citroen BX 15 is known for its innovative hydropneumatic suspension system, which is designed to provide a smooth and comfortable ride. However, over time, the suspension system can develop leaks, which can lead to issues with the car's handling and ride quality.

One common cause of hydropneumatic system leaks is the failure of the suspension spheres, which are responsible for absorbing shocks and vibrations. The spheres are pressurized with nitrogen gas and hydraulic fluid, and over time, the seals around the spheres can degrade, leading to leaks. This can cause the car to feel bouncy or unstable, and can also cause issues with steering and braking.

Another common cause of hydropneumatic system leaks is the failure of the hydraulic pump, which is responsible for pressurizing the fluid that powers the suspension system. Over time, the pump can wear out or develop leaks, leading to a loss of pressure in the system. This can cause the car to ride lower than normal, and can also cause issues with the car's handling and stability.

If you suspect that your Citroen BX 15 has a hydropneumatic system leak, it is important to have it inspected by a qualified mechanic as soon as possible. A leak in the suspension system can lead to a loss of pressure and a loss of control over the vehicle, which can be dangerous. A mechanic will be able to identify the source of the leak and recommend the appropriate repairs, which may include replacing the spheres, repairing or replacing the hydraulic pump, or replacing other components in the system.

Regular maintenance and inspections can help to prevent hydropneumatic system leaks from occurring in the first place. It is important to have the suspension system inspected regularly by a qualified mechanic, and to have any issues addressed promptly. This can help to ensure that your Citroen BX 15 continues to provide a smooth and comfortable ride for many years to come.

5.2. Suspension Height Issues

The Citroen BX 15 is known for its innovative hydropneumatic suspension system, which provides a smooth ride and adjustable ride height. However, over time, the suspension system can develop issues that affect the suspension's height and performance.

One common issue is the suspension height dropping or rising unexpectedly. This can be caused by a variety of factors, such as a leak in the hydraulic system or a malfunctioning height corrector. A leaking hydraulic system can cause a loss of pressure, leading to a drop in suspension height, while a malfunctioning height corrector can cause the suspension to rise higher than usual.

Another issue with the suspension system is that it may become stiff and uncomfortable over time. This can be due to a lack of maintenance or worn out components, such as the suspension spheres or hydraulic fluid. Regular maintenance, including replacing the suspension spheres every 60,000 miles or so, can help prevent this issue from occurring.

It is important to address suspension issues promptly, as they can affect the car's handling, stability, and safety. If you notice any changes in the ride height or feel of your Citroen BX 15, it is best to have it inspected by a qualified mechanic to diagnose and repair any suspension issues.

5.3. Worn Suspension Components

Worn suspension components can cause a variety of issues in the Citroen BX 15. Over time, the suspension components such as the shocks, struts, springs, and bushings can wear out, leading to problems with ride quality, handling, and stability. One common symptom of worn suspension components is excessive body roll or sway when turning, as well as a bouncy or rough ride.

Another common issue caused by worn suspension components is uneven tire wear. This is because worn shocks and struts can cause the wheels to bounce excessively, leading to uneven wear on the tires. Worn suspension components can also lead to issues with alignment and steering, as they can cause the wheels to become misaligned and affect the vehicle's handling and stability.

To address worn suspension components, it is important to have them inspected regularly and replaced as needed. This may involve replacing the shocks, struts, springs, and bushings, as well as other components such as control arms and ball joints. A professional mechanic can help diagnose the specific issues with the suspension system and recommend the appropriate repairs or replacements.

Regular maintenance and inspections can help prevent worn suspension components from causing issues in the first place. Additionally, ensuring that the tires are properly inflated and rotated can help extend the lifespan of the suspension components and reduce the risk of uneven tire wear.

6. Electrical Issues

6.1. Battery Drains

The Citroen BX 15 may experience battery draining issues that can leave you stranded if left unchecked. A common cause of this issue is a failing alternator, which is responsible for keeping the battery charged while the engine is running. If the alternator is not working properly, the battery will not be able to maintain its charge, and the car will eventually stall.

Another common cause of battery draining issues is a parasitic draw. This occurs when an electrical component or system in the car continues to draw power from the battery even when the car is turned off. This can be caused by faulty wiring or a malfunctioning component like a radio or alarm system.

To diagnose the issue, a mechanic will use a multimeter to test the charging system and check for a parasitic draw. If the alternator is the issue, it will need to be replaced. If a parasitic draw is found, the mechanic will need to identify the component or system causing the issue and repair or replace it.

To prevent battery draining issues, it's important to regularly check the battery's charge and have the charging system tested at the first sign of trouble. Additionally, turning off all electrical components when the car is not in use can help prevent parasitic draws from draining the battery.

6.2. Electrical Shorts

The Citroen BX 15, like any other vehicle, can experience electrical issues. One common problem is electrical shorts. Electrical shorts occur when there is a break or damage in the wiring, causing the electrical current to take an unintended path. This can result in various issues, such as blown fuses, malfunctioning electrical components, and even fire hazards.

One cause of electrical shorts is frayed or damaged wiring. Over time, the insulation on the wires can become worn, causing the wires to rub against each other or other components, resulting in shorts. Another cause is corrosion on the electrical contacts, which can create resistance and heat, eventually leading to shorts.

To diagnose and fix electrical shorts, it's important to first identify the affected circuits and the potential causes of the problem. This can involve tracing the wiring and inspecting components for damage or corrosion. Once the issue is identified, repairs may involve splicing in new wiring, replacing damaged components, or cleaning corroded contacts.

It's important to address electrical shorts promptly to prevent further damage to the electrical system and potential safety hazards. Regular inspection and maintenance of the electrical system can help prevent electrical shorts from occurring. In addition, installing circuit protection devices, such as fuses and circuit breakers, can help prevent damage in the event of a short circuit.

6.3. Faulty Alternators

The Citroen BX 15, like any other vehicle, may encounter electrical issues throughout its life span. One of the common issues that owners may experience is a faulty alternator.

The alternator is responsible for providing power to the electrical system while the vehicle is running and for recharging the battery. If the alternator fails, the battery will not receive a charge, causing the vehicle to lose power and eventually stall.

The main cause of a faulty alternator in a Citroen BX 15 is worn out brushes, which are responsible for conducting the electrical current between the rotating part of the alternator and the stationary part. Over time, the brushes wear out, causing a loss of electrical contact and resulting in an insufficient charging rate.

Another cause of alternator failure is a faulty voltage regulator. The voltage regulator is responsible for controlling the amount of electrical charge sent to the battery. If the voltage regulator fails, the battery may not receive the correct amount of charge, leading to a flat battery.

Owners can identify a faulty alternator in a Citroen BX 15 by checking the battery warning light on the dashboard. If the light remains on after starting the engine, it may indicate an issue with the alternator. Additionally, if the battery is constantly losing charge or the vehicle is stalling, it may be time to replace the alternator.

To prevent alternator failure in a Citroen BX 15, regular maintenance and checks should be performed. This includes checking the battery's charge level, inspecting the alternator's belt for wear and tear, and ensuring that the electrical connections are tight and clean. Replacing worn-out brushes and faulty voltage regulators should also be done as soon as possible to avoid further damage to the electrical system.

7. Conclusion

As we have seen, the Citroen BX 15 had its fair share of common issues by year. From engine-related problems such as overheating, low oil pressure, and misfires to transmission-related issues such as clutch and gearbox problems and differential failures, and even suspension-related issues such as hydropneumatic system leaks, suspension height issues, and worn suspension components. The car also faced some electrical issues such as battery drains, electrical shorts, and faulty alternators.

However, it is important to note that not all Citroen BX 15 cars faced these problems, and many drivers have owned and enjoyed their BX 15 without any major issues. Proper maintenance and regular checks can help prevent or address these problems if they occur. If you own a Citroen BX 15, it is recommended to take it to a trusted mechanic or specialist who is familiar with the car to ensure it is well-maintained and running smoothly.

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